Hope I Die Before I Get Old

Well, so much for that plan.

Definitely still alive, I’ve spent the past 2 weeks reaping the benefits of modern medicine. The problem that put me in the hospital and the medical treatment I’ve received have added up to something approaching “advanced interrogation techniques” (I’ll tell you anything — make it stop!).  

I did have a lot of time to think, however, while lying in bed waiting for something good to happen. I reached some small conclusions and a big one.

One of my small conclusions:

A doctor who is “on call”, responsible for off-hours phone calls from patients, shouldn’t be unavailable for hours at a time. But if an “on call” doctor can’t take calls for some reason, there should be another doctor who serves as the first doctor’s backup. Then, after repeated failures to reach Doctor 1, the answering service can contact Doctor 2 instead.

Another small conclusion (with apologies to the nursing community and anyone offended by discussion of bodily fluids):

If you have fluid draining into a plastic bag, and the bag becomes rather heavy as it fills up, in such a way that the drainage mechanism may no longer function properly, reject your nurse’s advice to empty the bag “when it fills up”. Instead, empty the bag “before it fills up”.

And my big conclusion, with a little background first:

Some people are extremely careful about diet and exercise. Others eat whatever they want and avoid exercise whenever possible. Most of us occupy some middle ground. Personally, I eat too much food that isn’t good for me and don’t exercise very often. I’ve never seen the point of doing otherwise, since I’ve never been very concerned with the state of my body and never wanted to live an extraordinarily long time. I’ve been content to drift along, eating what tastes good and avoiding perspiration if possible.

Having been hospitalized twice in the past 12 months for kidney-related problems, however, I now understand that I’ve been missing something important about diet and exercise. I’ve always thought the point of eating well and working out was to achieve a positive, healthy state — to be one of those happy, early to bed, early to rise types who can be so annoying to the rest of us. But that’s not the point at all.

The point of eating well and working out is to avoid the incredible pain and discomfort of serious illness and the medical treatment that goes with it. It isn’t a matter of getting something good; it’s a matter of avoiding something bad.

You might say that, in this case anyway, getting something good and avoiding something bad are just two sides of the same health-related coin. You can’t have one without the other. There is certainly some truth to that, since there’s a single path leading to both goals. But in terms of motivation, there is a big difference between trying to achieve something really good and trying to avoid something really bad. In my case anyway, I’ve never been interested in achieving a wonderfully healthy state. Mediocrity has been fine with me. 

Having experienced the extremely unpleasant downside of a poor diet (and, to a lesser extent, limited exercise), I find it much more motivating to try to avoid this kind of downside in the future, if I possibly can, than to seek something positive. At this point, if I have any sense at all, I’m going to eat better and exercise more. Of course, there’s no guarantee that changing my habits will insure that I won’t have to go through this kind of crap again. We all know that life isn’t that predictable. On the other hand, if you want to avoid something really bad, you should do what you can, if the cost of doing so isn’t that great. That’s just being rational.

Hence, my big conclusion:

Not being motivated by the prospect of getting something good, I’m going to focus instead on what I’m desperate to avoid. Avoiding pain can sometimes be a much better motivator than achieving pleasure. If I don’t want to be tortured again, I need to try something different. 

Philosophical addendum:

It occurred to me while writing this that philosophers (Western philosophers anyway) have tended to discuss the pursuit of pleasure more often than the avoidance of pain. As you might expect, the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy has an article called “Happiness”, but none called “Unhappiness”. The article on happiness contains 397 uses of the word “happiness” and 6 uses of “unhappiness”. 

To be fair, however, Jeremy Bentham defined “happiness” as the predominance of pleasure over pain. He argued that: 

Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, on the other the chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think … 

Yet how can one serve two sovereign masters? Do pleasure and pain somehow work together, like the two ends of a seesaw, always giving coherent direction (“You, boy, go up now!”)? I don’t think so. Pain isn’t merely the opposite of pleasure. It’s its own phenomenon and deserves at least equal consideration, maybe more consideration, than pleasure gets. But we have a cultural prejudice that says it’s better to search for the good things in life than to avoid the bad. That isn’t always the case.

From the Cicada’s Perspective (Again With the Cicadas!)

Having a perspective is one of the things that generally sets us apart from inanimate objects (putting aside some inanimate objects like radio telescopes). A cicada has a perspective too, although it’s presumably not quite as nuanced as ours.

From our perspective, it can seem rather sad that these living things are stuck underground for 17 years, only to spend a few days or a few weeks in the open air before dying. It doesn’t seem like much of a life.

On the other hand, if we were to go very far out on a limb and attribute emotions and conscious reflection to these little creatures, we might suppose that they are perfectly happy living underground, away from birds and car tires, resting comfortably in the dark, taking sustenance from tree roots.

The years go by and one day they have to leave their homes, exposing themselves to all kinds of strange goings on, climbing trees, going through metamorphosis, flying around, making so much noise looking for a mate. What a pain! Can’t I stay down here for another decade or so?

Or maybe they feel suddenly liberated? Having been imprisoned in the earth, serving what amounts to a life sentence, they finally get to leave their jails, have some fun if they’re lucky and then call it a day. What a relief! I’m glad that’s over. I’ve done my bit and now it’s time to shuffle off this mortal coil.

The Remarkable Cicadas in a Remarkable Video

The soil in our town recently grew warm enough for the cicadas to emerge. I don’t think we’ve seen any around here since 1996. This bunch has been living underground for 17 years.

We find them (or the outer skeletons they’ve left behind) every morning, mostly on tree trunks, but also on our garage door, our front steps and even our car tires. They’re looking for a temporary home in a hospitable tree. If they find a safe place to rest and mature, they’ll make an amazing amount of noise and attempt to mate. The females who survive will give birth to a new generation. In 3 weeks or so, all of the adults will die.

A filmmaker named Daniel Orr is trying to finish an hour-long documentary about these remarkable animals. He’s using Kickstarter to raise money. If you visit the site below, you can watch 7 minutes of his film. One viewer (no fan of the cicadas, she thought they were really creepy the last time she saw them, when she was 8) called this short video “terrifying, beautiful, disgusting and sad”.

It seems irrational to feel sorry for these insects. Or to feel any other strong emotion about them. Yet it’s hard not to feel something when you watch Mr. Orr’s video. Maybe we imagine ourselves waiting such a long time and then coming into the light.

http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/motionkicker/return-of-the-cicadas

P.S. — This morning, the ones who made it into the trees are proclaiming their presence to the world!

Those Crazy, Mixed Up Photons

On the website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a physicist recently wrote:

Suppose you have a quantum particle of light, or photon. It can be polarized so that it wriggles either vertically or horizontally. The quantum realm is … hazed over with unavoidable uncertainty, and thanks to such quantum uncertainty, a photon can … be polarized vertically and horizontally at the same time. If you then measure the photon, however, you will find it either horizontally polarized or vertically polarized, as the two-ways-at-once state randomly ‘collapses’ one way or the other.

This two-ways-at-once state is called “superposition”. The idea is that something can be in more than one state (or “position”) at one time, i.e. a super-position.

However, saying that a photon can be polarized vertically and horizontally at the same time, or that it can be in a “two-ways-at-once” state, looks extremely suspicious. It’s hard to know what such a statement means, if anything. After all, language is based on logic (it wouldn’t work otherwise) and logic is based on the law of contradiction: proposition P cannot be both true and false, assuming that P has a single, precise meaning.

The proposition that photon p is polarized vertically at time t has a single, precise meaning. So does the proposition that photon p is polarized horizontally at time t. Yet these statements certainly look contradictory. It looks as if we have to give up the law of contradiction in order to accept them both.

To avoid the contradiction, however, it might be preferable to say that a photon can be in an indeterminate state, in which its polarization is neither vertical nor horizontal. It’s potentially in either state, but it’s not in either one until its state is measured (or otherwise affected), at which point the photon randomly ends up in one state or the other.

Viewed in probabilistic terms, the fate of Schrödinger’s cat doesn’t seem to be a problem (to me anyway). It was alive when it was put in the box and presumably remained alive unless it was poisoned as the result of a random sub-atomic event. We don’t have to say that the cat is now both dead and alive (or in some twilight state). It’s just a cat that may have died and there is a certain probability that it did.

But then there is the famous double-split experiment. This experiment shows that photons don’t behave like cats (or dogs) or, in the philosopher J. L. Austin’s phrase, “medium-sized dry goods”. A single photon travels through two slits and creates a wave-pattern on the other side, even though common sense tells us that the photon can only travel through one slit or the other. The bizarre but reasonable conclusion is that the photon actually takes every possible path through the two openings, not just in theory, but in fact.

Fortunately, there isn’t any contradiction in saying that the photon goes through slit 1 and slit 2 at the same time, since saying that it goes through slit 2 doesn’t conflict with saying that it also goes through slit 1. In similar fashion, photons can be polarized horizontally and vertically at the same time, because that’s the kind of thing that can happen to the crazy little bastards (i.e. sub-atomic particles).

We are used to saying things like “a person can’t be in two places at the same time” (many episodes of Law and Order are based on that premise). Logic tells us that if the number 5 is odd, it can’t be even. Logic and experience tell us that if Miss Scarlet was in the billiard room, she wasn’t in the conservatory. That’s how numbers and people work. Photons don’t work that way. It’s extremely strange, but not incomprehensible and not contradictory.

http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2013/05/physicists-create-quantum-link-b.html

Good News If You’re a Tree

The amount of carbon dixode in the atmosphere has now passed 400 parts per million for a whole day, as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. There hasn’t been this much CO2 in the air for 3 million years, before humans evolved. The level of CO2 fluctuates as plants absorb it and release oxygen, but the trend line indicates that we are generating the stuff so quickly, the plants aren’t going to keep up. 

Nobody knows for certain what the effects will be, but the scientists who study climate change are deeply concerned: “It feels like an inevitable march toward disaster” and “the time to do something was yesterday”.

One of the idiots in Congress is quoted as saying we shouldn’t worry, since CO2 only makes up 0.04 percent of the atmosphere. Unfortunately, that’s not how chemistry works. Research shows that current levels of CO2 are very effective at trapping heat near the earth’s surface. 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/11/science/earth/carbon-dioxide-level-passes-long-feared-milestone.html